What does the vertical jump test primarily measure?

The vertical jump test primarily measures power, specifically lower body explosive power. Power is defined as the ability to exert maximal force in a short amount of time, which is essential for activities requiring quick bursts of strength, such as jumping, sprinting, and various sports movements. The vertical jump evaluates how much force the legs can produce quickly to propel the body upward, making it a direct assessment of muscular power.

Flexibility assesses the range of motion in joints and muscles rather than explosive strength, while balance refers to the ability to maintain stability and control over the body's position, which is not the focus of the vertical jump. Endurance pertains to the ability to sustain prolonged physical activity, contrasting sharply with the brief and powerful effort required in a vertical jump. Therefore, the primary measurement of the vertical jump reflects the athlete's power capabilities.